Loom



Y S. BAYAN April 12, 1938.

" LOOM Filed April 5, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 S. BAYAN April 12, 1938,

LOOM' 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 3, 1937 3 ergia Bayafl S. BAYAN LOOM Filed April 5, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 gmwm Gary i0 Bayan April 12, was. s. BAYAN 2,114,206

' LOOM Filed April 3, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 SZryio .Ba ayan zfi I Mm 1NVENTOR 1&'

ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 12, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFECE 10 Claims.

This invention relates to a loom which may be hand operated and one object of the invention is to provide a loom including a frame so mounted that during operation of the loom, the frame may be rocked transversely and the shuttle thus caused to travel back and forth through the shed formed by the warp threads.

Another object of the invention is to provide the loom with improved means for releasably holding the shuttle at one end of its path of travel in the casing through which it moves, the loom being also provided with improved means for effecting release of the shuttle when the frame is tilted.

It is another object of the invention to provide improved means for causing movement of the heddle frames in opposite directions each time the frame is tilted to cause travel of the shuttle and thereby cause the banks of warp threads to be shifted vertically to provide the proper arrangement of warp threads in the shed through which the shuttle travels.

Still another object of the invention is to so construct and arrange the actuating means for the heddle frames that this movement will be automatically caused to take place during rocking of the frame.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a loom which is so constructed that the warp threads will be kept taut during packing by the reeds but released when pull is applied to draw the warp threads longitudinally and wind a woven cloth upon the cloth beam or roller.

Another object of the invention is to so form the loom that it will be of light weight and capable of being easily operated by a person of minimum strength such as a boy or young girl.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a loom which is of simplified construction and the operation of which can be quickly understood and performed by a person after only a short period of instruction.

Another object of the invention is to so construct the loom that it will be'very rapid in its operation and capable of being actuated by merely grasping a lever and rocking the frame back and forth, the other movements being effected by movement of the frame.

It is another object of the invention to provide a loom which can be manufactured at a small cost and sold at a low price, thus bringing the loom within reach of persons having small resources.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a loom upon which either fine cloth or coarse material such as used for making sacks may be woven, thus providing a general purpose loom which may be used for making any type of fabric.

With these and numerous other objects in view,

my invention consists in the novel features of 5.

construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter referred to and more particularly pointed out in the specification and claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompany- 10 ing drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved loom;

Figure 1 is a fragmentary view taken along the line W-I of Figure 1;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the loom;

Figure 3 is a view in elevation looking at one end of the loom;

Figure 4 is a view looking at the other end of the loom;

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken transversely through the loom and illustrating the manner in which the heddle frames are mounted and actuated;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view looking at the heddle actuating mechanism from the side of the loom shown in Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view illustrating a gear forming part of the heddle actuating mechanism;

Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view looking at the cloth beam or roller from one end;

Figure 9 is a view of one end portion of the shuttle casing with the shuttle therein;

Figure 10 is a viewlooking at one side of the H shuttle; and

Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of the means for releasing the trigger holding the shuttle in place at an end of the shuttle casing.

In describing the invention, I shall refer to the drawings in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

This improved loom has a base or frame consisting of end standards I and 2 which are con- .45 nected by a longitudinally extending bar 3, braces 4 being provided to retain the standards upright and prevent them from being forced out of a perpendicular position by strains exerted during operation of the loom. While the standards have been shown substantiallyA-shaped and each provided with side arms 5 connected by a bracing bar 6, it is to be understood that this formation may be varied if found desirable.

Between the standards I and 2, a Cradle 1 is pivotally mounted for rocking movement and is provided with a frame 8 having side bars 9 and end bars i6) and H carrying pivot shafts 12 engaged in bearings E3 of the standards I and 2 to mount the cradle for rocking movement transversely thereof. Depending arms I and [5 which are braced by rods I6 and I! are carried by the frame 8 of the cradle at ends thereof and serve as pendulums to assist rocking of the cradle and return of the cradle to a horizontal position. A lever I8 is pivoted to the standard I at the front of the base frame as shown at l9 and has its lower end connected with the lower end of the arm M by a short bar 23 which is slidably and pivotally held in engagement with the lever by passing through a slot 2! formed longitudinally of the lever as shown in Figure 3. Abutment plates 22 are provided upon the standard i to limit swinging movement of thelever and resulting rocking of the cradle and at this end of the loom, the standard of the supporting frame for the cradle carries a depending segmental rack 23, the function of which will be hereinafter set forth.

The yarn beam or roller 24 is rotatablymounted at the rear end of the cradle in bearings at rear ends of the arms 25 provided upon plates 25 rising from rear end portions of the side bars of the cradle and attention is called to the fact that the yarn beam is removably mounted so that it can be loaded with yarn of the proper length and then placed in its bearings. Brake drums 27 are provided at ends of the yarn beam and about these drums engage brake bands 28, each of which is connected'with a brake lever 29 pivoted to the adjacent plate 26 and extending downwardly therefrom with its lower end engaged by a spring 35. The other end of the spring is secured to an adjustable anchor 3| and it will be readily understood that by adjusting the anchors, the tension of the springs can be regulated and freedom with which the yarn beam turns controlled. Therefore, the yarn will remain wound properly upon the yarn beam and not become slack during a weaving operation.

Adjacent their forward ends, the plates 26 are formed with vertical recesses or tracks 32 leading to bearings 33 in which a roller 34 is rotatably mounted between smaller rollers 35 and 36 slidably and rotatably mounted in horizontal slots 31 and 38 so that the smaller rollers may be shifted towards and away from the large roller 34. Levers 39 which are pivoted to the plates 26 in a vertical position have their upper ends perforated to rotatably receive the pintles of the roller 35 as shown at 4!] and lower ends of the levers are engaged by springs 4| which yieldably resist swinging of the levers in one direction 1ongitudinally of the cradle. To upper ends of the. levers are pivoted links or strips 42 which rotatably receive the pintles or ends of the shaft 43 of the roller 36. By so mounting therollers, the large roller can be lifted out of place, the yarn then led across the rollers 35 and 36 and the roller 34 set back in place to carry the yarn downwardly between the smaller rollers and thus frictionally hold the yarn against too rapid unwinding from the yarn beam. A worm gear 44 is carried by the shaft 43 at one end of the roller 35 for engagement by the worm 45 carried by a shaft 46 which extends longitudinally of the cradle and is operatively connected withthe pitman 4'! to cause the shaft 46 to be intermittently rotated when the pitman 47 of the rocker shaft 48 extending longitudinally of the cradle and mounted in bearings 49 is rocked.

A link or strip 50 connects the rocker shaft with the lower end of the pitman and is formed with a plurality of perforations in order that the pitman may be adjustably secured to the link and the extent to which the roller 36 is turned each time the rocker shaft is rocked, controlled. The other end of the roller 36 carries a gear 5! meshing with the gear 52 carried by the roller 34 and from an inspection of Figures 1 and 2, it will be seen that each time the rocker shaft is actuated, rotary motion will be positively transmitted to the rollers 34 and 36 and the yarn 53 fed from the yarn beam through the loom longitudinally thereof. This intermittent feeding of the yarn causes it to be fed without danger of breaking the threads and at the same time holds yarn under suflicient tension to prevent it. from becoming too loose and sagging.

The yarn after leaving the roller 36 passes through the heddle frame 54 carrying the heddles 55 and 56 and through the shuttle casing 51 which carries a reed 58 at its front intermediate its length in order that weft thread may be packed tight after being carried through the shed defined by the separated warp threads 53 and 53* by the shuttle and cloth 59 formed which is engaged with the guide rollers 63 and 6!) and wound upon the cloth beam or'roller 6|. The guide rollers 60 are rotatably mounted in strips 62 pivoted intermediate their ends to the side bars of the cradle as shown at 63 in Figure 1 and are engaged by springs 64 which exert pull upon the strips and cause the rollers to apply tension to the cloth and thus cause it to be rolled smoothly and tightly upon the cloth beam or roller 6|. The roller 60 is formed with spurs so that it may have a good grip upon the fabric and this roller is rotatably mounted under the side bars 8 of the frame and carries a pulley 60 about which is engaged a cable or chain 60. The chain extends longitudinally of the frame and is directed upwardly by guide rollers 61'] for engagement with a pulley 60 carried by the shaft 43 of the roller 36. Therefore rotary motion will be transmitted from the shaft 43 to the roller 66 and this roller will serve as a feeding roller for the woven fabric as well as a guide roller and equalize the speed of release of the yarn to the winding of the woven cloth so the stress of they warp will remain the same. The cloth beam is removably mounted for rotation in diagonal'slots 65 formed in the depending bearing plates 66 carried by the side bars of the cradle and has its pintles projecting outwardly therefrom for engagement by hooks 6'! serving to firmly hold the cloth beam in place, but permitting easy removal after a weaving operation has been completed. A ratchet 68 is mounted at one end of the cloth beam for engagement by a pawl 69 to prevent retrograde rotation of the cloth beam during weaving and at the other end of the cloth beam is mounted a ratchet wheel 16 having its teeth provided about its outer face for engagement by a pawl 1! carried by a lever 12 which is pivotally mounted as shown at 13 in Figures 2 and 8 and extends rearwardly of the cradle through a slotted supporting bracket '14, movement being imparted tothe lever through the medium of an abutment to be hereinafter more specifically referred to.

The shuttle l5is slidable longitudinally in the shuttle casing51 and provided with rollers 16 so that it willmove easily from one end of the casing to the other when the cradle is rocked transversely and the casing tilted longitudinally. A bobbin TI is rotatably mounted in the shuttle and wound with yarn in the usual manner so that as the shuttle moves through the shed defined by the warp threads, the filler or weft thread 11' will be unwound from the bobbin and deposited in its proper position transversely of the warp threads. The shuttle is to be forcibly propelled through the shuttle casing and in order to do so, there have been provided impellers I8 which are 'slidably mounted in slots 79 formed longitudinally in end portions of the casing and having their lower ends connected to outer ends of springs 88. Inner ends of the springs 88 are anchored to the casing and when the shuttle moves towards an 'end of the casing it engages the impeller and shifts the same longitudinally of the casing, acting against the spring secured to the lower end of the impeller.

Racks 8I extend along sides of the shuttle for engagement by latches 82 which are pivotally mounted at sides of the casing as shown in Figure 9 and engaged by springs 83 serving to yieldably hold the latches in position to permit the shuttle to travel towards ends of the casing into position for the latch to grip the teeth of the racks and securely but releasably hold the shuttle at an end of the casing with the spring 88 of the impeller engaged by the shuttle stretched. Latch releasers 84 are mounted at sides of the shuttle casing and have the form of rocker shafts each provided with an arm 85 overlapped by the handle or lever 82 of the companion latch 82 and also having a crank handle 88 terminating in a rearwardly projecting arm 81 disposed in position to engage an abutment 88 carried by the heddle frame 54 when the shuttle casing is swung towards the heddle frame and impart rocking movement to the latch releaser and cause its arm 85 to swing away from the handle 82' and allow the spring 83 to move the latch out of securing engagement with the rack of the shuttle. The released shuttle is propelled towards the opposite end of the shuttle casing by contraction of the spring 88 of the impeller engaged by the shuttle and upon reaching the other end of the casing, the shuttle will move the impeller carried thereby to expand its spring 88 and the cooperating latch will engage the shuttle to secure the same. The abutments 88 for engagement by the arms of the latch releasers are pivoted at their upper ends to sides of the heddle frame and when the cradle is rocked transversely to tilt the shuttle frame longitudinally, the abutment at the low side of the l-eddle frame will swing outwardly into position for engagement by the releaser of the latch in engagement with the shuttle and move this latch to a releasing position, while the abutment at the other side of the heddle frame will remain inactive and the latch at the companion end of the shuttle casing will remain in position to secure the shuttle as the shuttle reaches this end of the shuttle casing. When the shuttle casing is close to the heddle frame, the shuttle may pass through the shed of the warp threads but when the shuttle casing is returned to the position shown in Figure 1, the reed 58 at the front of the shuttle casing will move forwardly with the shuttle casing towards the woven cloth 59 and engage the placed weft thread to pack the same in place. In order to mount the shuttle casing for swing movement longitudinally of the cradle towards and away from the heddle frame, it has been provided with a supporting bar 89 which is fixed to a rocking beam 98 pivotally mounted between the side bars SI of an underframe of the cradle. This beam 98 has one end connected with the crank 92 of a shaft 93 by a link 94 and it will be readily seen from an inspection of Figures 1 and 6, that when the shaft 93 is turned, the beam 98 will be rocked and the arm 89 swung to shift the shuttle casing towards and. away from the heddle frame.

The heddles 55- and 56 are to be shifted vertically in the heddle frame in opposite directions in order that the warp threads will have the proper interwoven engagement with the weft threads applied by the shuttle and in order to do so, the heddles have their upper portions engaged with ends of a suspension chain 95 engaged about a pulley 96 mounted in a pulley housing 97 and their lower portions engaged with ends of a pull chain carried by a shaft 93. This shaft is rotatably mounted in the under frame of the cradle and the pull chain is held in proper engagement with the pulley by a bracket 99 carried by a cross bar I88 secured to one of the side bars 9| of the under frame. The pulley 98 is loosely mounted on the shaft and carries side pins I82 for engaging projecting end portions of abutment rods or pins I83 carried by the shaft and, therefore, for each revolution of the shaft 93 the pulley 98 will be turned a half revolution and since the heddles are attached to ends of the pull chain and connected with each other by the suspension chain 95 the heddles will alternately move up and down with one moving upwardly while the other descends. The shaft 93 extends forwardly under the cradle with its front end rotatably mounted in bearings I I I and carrying a gear II2 meshing with the segmental rack 23 carried by the cradle and it will be readily seen that whenever the lever I8 is swung to rock the cradle, the shaft 93 will be oscillated to impart the desired movements to the shuttle casing and the heddles. An arm I I 3 carried by the shaft 93 swings when this shaft is turned and its side extension I I4 which terminates in a lateral finger H5 as shown in Figures 1 and 11 acts upon the arm I I6 of the shaft 48 to turn the shaft and thus cause movement to be imparted to the roller 36 and feed the warp yarn during weaving of the cloth. A stationary abutment member I I1 is provided for engagement by the lever I2 to operate the lever as the cradle swings downwardly towards the left on Figure 3, and a weight I I8 which is adjustable along the lever has been provided to return the lever to the position shown in Figure 8 as the cradle is swung in an opposite direction and cause the pawl 1! to impart turning movement to the cloth roller. It will thus be seen that rotary motion will be intermittently imparted to the cloth roller to wind woven fabric thereon and since retrograde rotation of the cloth roller is prevented by the pawl 69, the cloth will be held tightly wound upon the roller.

From the foregoing description of the construction of my improved apparatus, the operation thereof will be readily understood. It will be seen that I have provided a simple, inexpensive and efiicient means for carrying out the objects of the invention and while I have particularly described the elements best adapted to perform the functions set forth, it is obvious that various changes in form, proportion and in the minor details of construction may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the principles of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for transverse rocking movement, means for feeding warp yarn longitudinally of said cradle, heddles mounted for vertical reciprocating movement, a shuttle case extending transversely of said cradle and mounted for movement longitudinally of the cradle towards and away from the heddles, a reed carried by said shuttle case, a shuttle in said case and movable therein and through a shed formed by the heddles separating the warp yarn, means for rocking the cradle, and mechanism actuated by rocking of the cradle for shifting the shuttle case towards and away from the heddles and shifting the heddles in opposite directions.

2. In a loom, a cradle mounted for transverse rocking movement, a heddle frame rising from said cradle, heddles shiftable vertically in said heddle frame, a shuttle casing extending transversely across said cradle and mounted for movement towards and away from the heddle frame, means for feeding warp yarn longitudinally of the cradle through the heddles and the shuttle casing, a reed carried by the shuttle casing, a shuttle in said casing and movable longitudinally therein through a shed defined by warp yarn, impellers for the shuttle carried by end portions of said casing, latches for engaging the shuttle and holding the same at ends of the casing with the impellers under tension, means for moving said latches to release the shuttle as the casing approaches the heddle frame, means for rocking said cradle, and mechanism actuated by rocking of the cradle for imparting movement to the shuttle casing and shifting the heddles vertically in opposite directions.

3. In a loom, a cradle mounted for transverse rocking movements, a shuttle casing extending transversely of said cradle, means for feeding warp threads longitudinally of the cradle and through the casing, a shuttle in said casing slidable longitudinally therein, impellers carried by end portions of the casing alternately engaged by the shuttle and each provided with a spring tensioned when the impeller is engaged by the shuttle, latches carried by said casing for engaging said shuttle and releasably holding the same at ends of the casing, abutments for moving said latches to a releasing position each disposed in position to cooperate with a companion latch, the abutments being movable into and out of position for engagement withthe companion latches by rocking of the cradle, and means for rocking the cradle.

4. In a loom, a cradle mounted for transverse rocking movements, a shuttle casing extending transversely of the cradle and shiftable longitudinally thereof, a reed carried by said casing, a shuttle loose in the casing for movement longitudinally therein when the cradle is rocked, means for releasably holding the shuttle at ends of the casing, means for effecting release of the shuttle when the casing is moved longitudinally of the cradle in one direction, means for impelling the shuttle through the casing and a shed formed by warp threads when the shuttle is released, heddles, and means for imparting movements'to the casing and the heddles when the cradle is rocked transversely.

5. In a loom, a cradle mounted for transverse rocking movements, a shuttle casing extending transversely across said cradle, heddles, a shuttle in said casing movable longitudinally therein when the cradle is rocked, latching means for releasably holding the shuttle at ends of said cas i'ng, means for imparting movement to the shuttle when released, means for rocking the cradle, and means actuated by rocking of the cradle and adapted to impart movements to the heddles.

6. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for transverse rocking movements, a heddle frame rising from said cradle, heddles in the heddle frame movable vertically therein, a shuttle casing extending transversely across said cradle, a support for said casing extending downwardly therefrom and pivotally mounted whereby the casing will be mounted for swinging towards and away from the heddle frame, a reed carried by said casing, a shuttle in said casing movable longitudinally therein when the cradle is rocked, =.f

mechanism under said cradle for imparting vertical movements to said heddles and swinging movements to the support for the shuttle casing, means for rocking the cradle, and means for transmitting motion from said cradle to said x mechanism during rocking of the cradle.

'7. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for transverse rocking movements, a heddle frame rising from said cradle, heddles in the heddle frame movable verticallytherein, a shut- 5i tle casing extending transversely across said cradle, a support for said casing extending downwardly therefrom and pivotally mounted whereby the casing will be mounted for swinging towards and away from the heddle frame, a reed carried f by said casing, a shuttle in said casing movable longitudinally therein when the cradle is rocked, impellers for said shuttle mounted in ends of said casing, latches carried by said casing for rele'asably securing the shuttle at ends of the cas- 1 ing in engagement with the impellers having handles projecting rearwardly from the casing, arms pivoted to said heddle frame at sides there of and movable by gravity into and out of position to engage the handles of companion latches when the cradle is rocked and the casing swung towards the heddle frame, and mechanism under said cradle forimparting movements to the heddles and the casing support actuated by rocking of the cradle.

8. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for transverse rocking movements, a heddle frame rising from said cradle, heddles in the heddle frame movable vertically therein, a shuttle casing extending transversely across said cradle, a support for said casing extending downwardly therefrom and pivotally mounted whereby the casing will be mounted for swinging towards and away from the heddle frame, a reed carried by said casing, a shuttle in said casing movable longitudinally therein when the cradle is rocked, means for rocking said cradle, and mechanism for shifting the' heddles vertically and imparting swinging movements to the casing support actuated from the cradle during rocking thereof and including a rotary shaft and means for turning the shaft first in'one direction and then in an opposite direction, a chain supported by an overhead support and connecting said heddles, a

pully carried by said shaft, a pull chain engaged about said pully and having its end connected to said heddles whereby during rotation of the shaft and pulley the heddles will be shifted vertically in opposite directions.

9. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for transverse rocking movements, a lieddle frame rising from said cradle, heddles movable vertically in the heddle fame, a shuttle casing extending transversely across'said cradle, a supporting member for 1 said casing depending therefrom and pivotally mounted under the cradle, an arm for said supporting member, a drive shaft rotatably mounted under the cradle and receiving rotary motion when the cradle is rocked, said shaft being provided with a crank portion, a link connecting the crank with said arm for imparting swinging movement to the arm and support, a pulley loose upon said shaft, a lost motion connection between the shaft and the pulley shaft for intermittently imparting turning motion to the pulley when the shaft is rotated, an overhead pulley, a chain carried by said overhead pulley with its ends depending and attached to the heddles, and a pull chain engaged about the loose pulley and attached to the heddles whereby the heddles will be shifted vertically in opposite directions when the loose pulley is turned.

10. In a loom, a frame, a cradle pivoted to said frame for tranverse rocking movements, means for rocking said cradle, a heddle frame intermediate the length of said cradle, a main tensioning roller rotatably mounted between the yarn beam and the heddle frame, auxiliary tensioning rollers mounted at opposite sides of the main tensioning roller, means for applying tension to the auxiliary rollers and holding the same in contact with the main tensioning roller, a shuttle casing extending transversely across said cradle forwardly of the heddle frame and mounted for movement to- Wards and away from the heddle frame, a reed carried by said shuttle casing, a cloth beam rotatably mounted forwardly of the shuttle casing, a shuttle in said casing slidable longitudinally therein, impellers for said shuttle at ends of said casing, latches for the shuttle at ends of the casing, abutments carried by the heddle frame movable into position for engaging companion latches and moving the same to release the shuttle when the cradle is rocked and the shuttle casing shifted towards the heddle frame, and mechanism actuated by rocking of the cradle and including means for shifting the heddles vertically in opposite direction, the said mechanism also including means for swinging the shuttle casing towards and away from the heddle frame and means for intermittently imparting rotation to the cloth beam.

SERGIO BAYAN. 

